Numerous studies have shown that friction loss in internal combustion engines is primarily due to the piston assembly, valve train, crankshaft, transmission and gears. This friction reduces performance and increases wear, abrasion and corrosion of key mechanical elements. The application of coatings effects friction reduction and higher load densities, which results in additional horse power to the drive wheels and extends component life. In highly competitive racing applications, where seconds count, this can make the difference between winning and losing. Coatings have played a significant role in improving the mechanical efficiency and reducing pollution in modern internal combustion engines. PVD coated engine components often find their origins in the highly demanding racing industry, where coatings protect parts against wear, abrasion and corrosion.